Heater for permanently waving hair



Jan. 2, 1934;

J. w. cox

HEATER FOR PERMANENTLY WAVING HAIR WIEIZL Filed Jan. 25, 1932 3 Sheets-Sheet l INVEN TOR. JOHN VV. C 0 DECEASED 6509615345 ooPf/E',

A T TORNEY Jan. 2, 1934. l w cox 1,941,600

HEATER FOR PERMANENTLY WAVING HAIR Filed Jan. 2 1932 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 M Ms Y TAD E N50 N fi m Jan. 2, 1934. J. w. cox L I HEATER FOR PERMANENTLY WAVING HAIR Filed Jan. 1932 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 IN VEN TOR. Joy/v W COX, 05054550 u 504%; A 5. (50 5/5 Ham/M52992).

' I ATTORNEY Patented Jan. 2, 1934 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE HEATER FOR PERMANENTLY WAVING HAIR Company, New York,

Ohio

Application January 25,

12 Claims.

This invention relates to improvements in the art of hair waving and has particular reference to a heater construction employed to apply heat to a strand of hair which has been previously wound upon a curling rod or the like and enclosed in a container impregnated with a hair-treating solution.

Heaters have heretofore been used in which the strand of hair wound upon a rod is enclosed within a sleeve-like member so that the heat generated by an electrical resistance element will suitably affect the entire length of the strand. Such heaters have proven to be quite efiicacious when the hair being treated has not been previously waved, or the results of a former treatment are no longer visible. However, when retreating hair so as to wave the newly-grown portions near the scalp, it is desirable to vary the intensity of the heat applied to the'strand by decreasing, or practically eliminating, the effect of said heat upon that portion of the hair which has been previously waved. One method, heretofore suggested, of accomplishing this result has been to construct a heater in which an open frame is provided at one end with a heating unit, in the bore of which is enclosed only the portion of a strand of hair adjacent the scalp, and to further provide a separate auxiliary tubular member insertable into said frame to form a continuation of said bore when the whole strand of hair is to be waved.

In accordance with the present invention, it is proposed to eliminate the necessity of inserting and withdrawing a separate element into and from the heater frame, and the inconvenience and loss of time incident to such operations, by providing a heater in which the application of heat to a whole strand of hair, or a portion thereof, may be accomplished by a turning movement of one strand-encircling member relative to another.

Another feature of the invention resides in the construction and assembly of the various elements constituting the heater, whereby a simple and practical appliance is provided, which will be equally eflicient in operation when waving an entire strand of hair, or a portion thereof.

The inventive idea involved is capable of receiving a variety of expressions, one of which, for

purposes of illustration, is shown in the accom-' N. Y., a corporation of 1932. Serial No. 588,615

in position for a rewaving operation, such as when waving newly grown hair close to the scalp;

Figure 3 is an end elevation of the heater;

Figure 4 is a section on the line 44 of Figure 1;

Figure 5 is a section on the line 5-5 of Figure 2;

Figure 6 is an enlarged longitudinal section through the heater, showing the parts in the position of Figure 1;

Figure 7 is a similar view taken at right angles to Figure 6;

Figure 8 is a section on the line 8--8 of Figure 6;

Figure 9 is a section substantially on the line 9-9 of Figure 6;

Figure 10 is a section on the line 10-l0 of Figure 7; Figure 11 is a section substantially on the line 11- 11 of Figure 7; 7

Figure 12 is a fragmentary elevation, illustrating the assembly of the heating unit; and

Figure 13 is a plan view, partly in section, of one of the connector bands utilized for making the electrical connections shown in Figure 12.

In the art of permanently waving hair with the type of heater disclosed in the present invention, it is customary to wind a strand of hair upon a rod and then enclose the wound strand in a container which is wrapped about said strand and which includes a pad impregnated with a hairtreating solution. The enclosed strand is then inserted into the heater which is generally of tubular form and provided with an electrical heating unit, the heat of which generates a vapor from the treating solution which affects the strand of hair in the desired manner.

The heater of the present invention is designed for the dual purpose of waving an entire strand of hair and also for treating only newly grown hair adjacent the scalp. In the first instance, the entire strand is enclosed within the tubular body of the heater, whereas, in the second instance, provision is made for ventilating that portion of the strand which may have been previously 100 waved, so that the heat from the heating unit will not materially affect the same.

The body of the heater is shown as comprising the inner and outer sleeve-like members 15 and 16, respectively, made of a suitable light metal, the first-named member extending for practically the entire length of the heater and constituting an open-ended receptacle into which is inserted a strand of hair to be treated. Adjacent the lower end of the sleeve 15, the same has tightly fitted thereon, and secured in place by a pin 17 if desired, a bearing member 18 in the form of an annular collar which provides a support for a lower ring member 19 made of insulating material, such as a phenol composition. Said ring member is secured to the bearing 18 by screws 20 and has interposed between the under surface thereof and said bearing an insulating gasket 21. The ring member 19 surrounds the lower end of the outer sleeve 16, which is turnable therein, as will appear more fully in the course of the description, and said sleeve is provided at said end with a plurality of outwardly extending spaced lugs 22 which rest upon an adjacent edge of the bearing 18 and engage an annular shoulder 23 formed in the inner periphery of the ring member 19. Said lugs 22 are thus held between the bearing 18 and the ring member 19, whereby the outer sleeve is held in operative position and prevented from longitudinal movement relative to the inner sleeve 15.

The heating unit, which is carried by the inner sleeve 15 between the bearing 18 and the lower end of said sleeve, comprises an inner lining 24 of mica or other suitable insulation, which is wrapped about the sleeve and which, in turn, has coiled thereon the electrical resistance element 25 in the form of a wire, preferably made of a suitable alloy. This wire is coiled upon the lining in the customary manner and is then enclosed within an outer lining of insulation 26, such as mica, with the ends 27 and 28 of the resistance element protruding from said outer lining, as illustrated in Figure 12.

In the customary manner of assembling heating units of this character, the ends of the resistance element are connected to copper wire conductors 29 and 30 by twisting the same together. This has been known to cause an electrolytic action between the two different metals which is detrimental to the efficient operation of the heating unit and, in order to overcome this difficulty, it is proposed to electrically connect the ends 27, 28 of the resistance element with the conductors 29, 30 without bringing the same in direct contact with each other. To this end, two connector bands 31 and 32, preferably of brass, are utilized. The band 31 is used to connect the end 27 with the conductor 29, while the band 32 joins the end 28 with the conductor 30. As the two connector bands are substantially the same in construction, a description of one will suffice. After the outer lining 26 has been positioned about the resistance element, one of the connector bands, such as the band 31, is flexed around said lining. Adjacent one end of said band, the same is provided with an opening 33 for receiving the other reduced end 34 of said band. With the latter end extended through the opening, the band is drawn about the lining and the free extremity thereof is then wrapped tightly around the end of the conductor 29, as best shown in Figure 13. At a point intermediate the ends of the band, the same has struck therefrom a strip 35 which is tightly wrapped about the end 2'7 of the resistance element to secure it to the band and thus electrically connect said element to the conductor 29. Finally, a strand of heat-insulating material 36, such as asbestoais wrapped around the lining 26, the bands 31 and 32, and the conductors connected thereto. The conductors 29 and 30 are extended upwardly through suitable openings in the bearing 18 and gasket 21 and are joined in a single cord 37, which also includes a third ground conductor 38 secured to the bearing 18 by a screw 39, whereby all of the metallic elements constituting the body of the heater are grounded. The heating unit is now enclosed in a casing 40, the upper end of which extends into the lower surface of the ring member 19 and is seated against the bottom of the bearing 18, while the lower or outer end of said casing is inturned and has spun thereon the lower extremity of the sleeve 15, thus securely attaching the casing in position. If desired, the casing 40 may be fluted or serrated, as indicated in Figures 1 and 2, to serve as a means for maintaining the casing as cool as possible during operation. The upper end of the outer sleeve 16, which terminates short of the adjacent end of the sleeve 15, is provided with an out-turned annular flange 41. Seated upon and secured to said flange is a second ring member 42 made of the same material as the member 19 and fixed to said flange by means of screws 43. The member 42 acts as a handle for manipulating the heater and turning the outer sleeve 16 about the longitudinal axis of the sleeve 15 and, in order to provide for proper ventilation so that the ring member will not become overheated, the same has formed therein a series of openings 43. This turning of the outer sleeve, which is a rotative movement in either direction, is provided for the purpose of either registering or offsetting opposed venti lating openings 44 and 45 formed, respectively, in the inner and outer sleeves 15 and 16 so as to control the passage of air into the interior of the body of the heater. The openings 44, 45 in the respective sleeves are elongated and extend for substantially the distance between the ring members 19 and 42 so as to provide ample ventilation when the openings are registered, this being the position of said openings during a rewaving operation in which it is desired to treat only the portion of the strand of hair nearest the scalp, said portion being enclosed within the body of the heater between the lower end of the sleeve 15 and the ring member 19. When it is desired to wave the entire length of the strand of hair within the heater, the outer sleeve 16 is turned by imparting substantially a quarter revolution in either direction to the ring member 42 to completely offset and thereby close the openings 44, 45, as best illustrated in Figures 4 and 10, in which position the heat generated by the heating unit will be confined within the body of the heater so as to produce the desired result upon the strand of hair.

Means are provided for yieldably maintaining the sleeve 16 in positions wherein the openings 44, 45 are either registered or offset. This means comprises a pair of opposed spring detents 46 (Figures 7 and 11) seated in recesses 4'7 formed in the ring member 42. The bowed portions of the detents 46 engage in notches or indentations 48 formed in the upper end of the sleeve 15 at intervals of 45 about the periphery thereof and, in this manner, frictionally maintain the sleeve 16 and ring member 42 in either of the adjusted positions wherein the ventilating openings are registered or offset.

The lower end of the heater cord 37 is extended upwardly through a guide 49 formed upon the ring member 19 and also through a second guide 50 carried by a guide support 51 adjacent the upper end of the heater. Said support may be formed from a single length of wire having a portion 52 coiled about the guide 50. Adjacent this coiled portion, the wire is crossed, as indicated at 53, and then formed into a ring 54 so that no undue strain will be placed upon the cord 37 when manipulating the heater. 7

What is claimed is:

1. In an electrical heating apparatus for Waving hair, closely fitting intertelescoped sheet metal inside and outside sleeves, said sleeves having elongated openings extending lengthwise thereof, and said sleeves being mounted for turning movements relative to each other, whereby said openings may be registered and offset relative to each other, one of said sleeves being provided with an extension, said extension receiving a coil of an electrical resistance wire, enclosure means for said coil also received on said extension, connections for the ends of said coil, external insulated conductors electrically attached to said connections and carried by said sleeves, the inside sleeve having an abutment shoulder serving as a bearing for said outside sleeve, said inside sleeve at the place of abutmentwith said shoulder being provided with outwardly extending projections and said outside sleeve being provided with a ring member receiving said projections, said outside sleeve being fixed against longitudinal movement relatively to said inside sleeve, by the location of said projections between said abutment shoulder and said ring mem ber.

2. In an electrical heating apparatus for waving hair, closely fitting intertelescoped sheet metal inside and outside sleeves, said sleeves having elongated openings extending lengthwise thereof, and said sleeves being mountedfor turning movements relative to each other, whereby said openings may be registered and offset relative to each other, one of said sleeves being provided with an extension, said extension receiving a coil of an electrical resistance wire, enclosure means for said coil also received on said extension, connections for the ends of said coil, external insulated conductors electrically attached to said connections and carried by said sleeves, one of said sleeves being provided with projecting means integral with said sleeve and the other with recess means, said projection means and recess means cooperating to fix said sleeves against relative longitudinal movement.

3. In an electrical heating apparatus for Waving hair, closely fitting intertelescoped sheet metal inside and outside sleeves, said sleeves having elongated openings extending lengthwise thereof, and said sleeves being mounted for turning movements relative to each other, whereby said openings may be registered and offset relative to each other, one of said sleeves being provided with an extension, said extension receiving a coil of an electrical resistance wire, enclosure means for said coil also received on said extension, connections for the ends of said coil, external insulated conductors electrically attached to said connections and carried by said sleeves, said sleeves being provided with outwardly extending peripheral flanges respectively on opposite sides of said openings and with rings of a molded plastic insulating material, each of said rings being provided with a recess respectively receiving said flanges, and screw members extending through said rings and said flanges for making a rigid connection therebetween.

4. In an electrical heating apparatus for waving hair, closely fitting intertelescoped sheet metal inside and outside sleeves, said sleeves having elongated openings extending lengthwise, thereof, and said sleeves being mounted for turning movements relative to each other, whereby said openings may be registered-and offset relative to each other, one of said sleeves being provided with an extension, said extension receiving a coil of an electrical resistance wire, enclosure means for said coil also received on said extension, connections for the ends of said coil, external insulated conductors electrically attached to said connections and carried by said sleeves, each of said sleeves being provided with an insulating ring rigidly connected respectively to said sleeves at opposite ends of the apparatus and said rings being externally corrugated, serving as hand grips.

5. In a heater for use in permanently waving hair, a sleeve constituting a chamber for receiving a strand of hair, spaced ring members encircling said sleeve with one of the members positioned intermediate the ends of the sleeve, a second sleeve carried by one of said ring members and mounted in the other ring member for turning movements relative to the first-named sleeve, said sleeves having openings extending between said ring members and adapted to be registered and offset relative to each other by said turning movements, and a heating element carried by the first-named sleeve on the end thereof adjacent said intermediately positioned ring member.

6. In a heater for use in permanently waving hair, a sleeve constituting a chamber for receiving a strand of hair, spaced ring members encircling said sleeve With one of the members positioned intermediate the ends of the sleeve, a second sleeve carried by one of said ring members and mounted in the other ring member for turning movements relative to the first-named sleeve, said sleeves having openings extending between said ring members and adapted to be registered and offset relative to each other by said turning movements, a heating element carried by the first-named sleeve on the end thereof adjacent said intermediately positioned ring member, and cooperating means on one end of the first-named sleeve and adjacent ring member for yieldably maintaining the second-named sleeve in different predetermined turnable positions.

7. In a heater for use in permanently waving hair, two concentric sleeves, one disposed within the other, a ring member spaced from one end of the inner sleeve and in which one end of the '1 outer sleeve is mounted for turning movement relative to said inner sleeve, a second ring member carried by the other end of said outer sleeve and constituting a handle by which the latter is turned, said sleeves having openings adapted to be registered and offset by the turning movements of said sleeves, and a heating element carried by the first-named end of said inner sleeve.

8. In a heater for use in permanently waving hair, two concentric sleeves, one disposed within the other, a ring member spaced from one end of the inner sleeve and in which one end of the outer sleeve is mounted for turning movement relative to said inner sleeve, a second ring member carried by the other end of said outer sleeve and constituting a handle by which the latter is turned, said sleeves having openings adapted to be registered and offset by the turning movements of said sleeves, a heating element carried by the first-named end of said inner sleeve, and a casing seated in the first-named ring member and enclosing said heating element.

9. In a heater for use in permanently Waving hair, a sleeve for receiving a strand of hair, an annular bearing encircling said sleeve, a ring member seated upon said bearing, a second sleeve turnable relative to the first-named sleeve and having one end extending into and interposed between said ring member and bearing, a second ring member at the other end of the lastnamed sleeve for turning the same, said sleeves having openings adapted to be registered and offset relative to each other when said second sleeve is turned, and a heating element at the end of the first-named sleeve adjacent the first-mentioned ring member.

10. In a heater for use in permanently waving hair, a sleeve for receiving a strand of hair, an annular bearing encircling said sleeve, a ring member seated upon said bearing, a second sleeve turnable relative to the first-named sleeve and having one end extending into and interposed between said ring member and bearing, a second ring member at the other end of the last-named sleeve for turning the same, said sleeves having openings adapted to be registered and offset relative to each other when said second sleeve is turned, a heating element at the end of the first-named sleeve adjacent the first-mentioned ring member, and electrical conductors extending through the latter ring member and said bearing and connected to said heating element.

11. In a heater for use in permanently waving hair, a sleeve for receiving a strand of hair, an annular bearing encircling said sleeve, a ring member seated upon said bearing, a second sleeve turnable relative to the first-named sleeve and having one end extending into and interposed between said ring member and bearing, a second ring member at the other end of the last-named sleeve for turning the same, said sleeves having openings adapted to be registered and offset relative to each other when said second sleeve is turned, a heating element at the end of the firstnamed sleeve adjacent the first-mentioned ring member, electrical conductors extending through the latter ring member and said bearing and connected to said heating element, and another conductor connected to said bearing for grounding the elements of the heater.

12. In an electrical heating apparatus for waving hair, closely fitting intertelescoped sheet metal inside and outside sleeves, said sleeves having elongated openings extending lengthwise thereof, and said sleeves being mounted for turning movements relative to each other, whereby said openings may be registered and offset relative to each other, one of said sleeves being provided with an extension, said extension receiving a coil of an electrical resistance wire, enclosure means for said coil also received on said extension, connections for the ends of said coil, external insulated conductors electrically attached to said connections and carried by said sleeves, one of said sleeves being provided with a plurality of indentations and the encircling portion or the other sleeves being provided with a spring catch to catch in one of said indentations and lock said sleeve in any desired relative position, said indentations consisting of elongated depressions in one end of the inside sleeve lengthwise of said sleeve, and the encircling portion of the other sleeve consisting of a ring of a plastic material having a plurality of recesses therein, said recesses each being provided with said spring catches.

GEORGE A. S. COOPER, Administrator of the Estate of John W. Cox,

Deceased. 

